排序方式： 共有58条查询结果，搜索用时 15 毫秒
51.
Ibrahim Sel Hacer Bilir Ozhan Recep Cibik Esra Buyukcangaz 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2013,31(5):403-407
Several conventional methods for treatment of soil are available for engineers. The most widely used method includes solution/grout, but they alter the ground pH level and could be toxic. In order to avoid the potential environmental harms and make use of naturally occurring microorganisms, biological methods to improve the engineering properties of soils have been intensely studied. This article presents the results of a research project in which Sporosarcina pasteurii (formerly known as Bacillus pasteurii) was used to induce biological cementation in loose sand medium. The bacteria was injected into sand, which led to the development of cementation (calcium carbonate crystal) between sand grains. The calcification was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). 相似文献
52.
Ida Malene Berstad Hans Petter Sejrup Dorthe Klitgaard‐Kristensen Haflidi Haflidason 《第四纪科学杂志》2003,18(7):591-602
Core P1‐003MC was retrieved from 851 m water depth on the southern Norwegian continental margin, close to the boundary between the Norwegian Current (NC) and the underlying cold Norwegian Sea Deep Water. The core chronology was established by using 210Pb measurements and 14C dates, suggesting a sampling resolution of between 2 and 9 yr. Sea‐surface temperature (SST) variations in the NC are reconstructed from stable oxygen isotope measurements in two planktonic Foraminifera species, Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (d.) and Globigerina bulloides. The high temporal resolution of the SST proxy records allows direct comparison with instrumental ocean temperature measurements from Ocean Weather Ship (OWS) Mike in the Norwegian Sea and an air temperature record from the coastal island Ona, western Norway. The comparison of the instrumental and the proxy SST data suggests that N. pachyderma (d.) calcify during summer, whereas G. bulloides calcify during spring. The δ18O records of both species suggest that the past 70 yr have been the warmest throughout the past 600 yr. The spring and summer proxy temperature data suggest differences in the duration of the cold period of the Little Ice Age. The spring temperature was 1–3°C colder throughout most of the period between ca. AD 1400 and 1700, and the summer temperature was 1–2°C colder throughout most of the period between ca. AD 1400 and 1920. Fluctuations in the depth of the lower boundary of the NC have been investigated by examining grain size data and benthic foraminiferal assemblages. The data show that the transition depth of the lower boundary of the NC was deeper between ca. AD 1400 and 1650 than after ca. AD 1750 until present. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
53.
南沙珊瑚礁对大气CO2含量上升的响应 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用南沙海域的碳酸盐化学以及相关调查资料，分析了表层CaCO3饱和度的分布特征，通过碳酸盐的热力学计算模式，定量评估了未来大气CO2增加对表层CaCO3饱和度的潜在影响，利用CaCO3饱和度与珊瑚钙化速率的经验关系式，进一步预测了珊瑚礁对大气CO2上升可能产生的生物地球化学响应．初步结果显示，工业革命前至2100年，南沙海域的CaCO3饱和度将下降43％左右，从而将引起珊瑚礁的平均钙化速率减少33％．如果未来大气CO2浓度继续保持目前的上升趋势，南沙海域珊瑚礁可能会停止生长，甚至某些造礁生物面，临灭绝的危险． 相似文献
54.
CLIVE PORTMAN JULIAN E. ANDREWS PETER J. ROWE MICHAEL R. LEEDER JURIAN HOOGEWERFF† 《Sedimentology》2005,52(3):441-465
The cyanobacterium Rivularia haematites has calcified to form unusually large (up to 10 m high) bioherms in the Pleistocene Gulf of Corinth. Today R. haematites calcifies only in freshwater environments but these Gulf of Corinth bioherms have a brackish affinity, limited areal extent, and occur within marine deposits. Field relations and preliminary U-series dating suggest a marine isotope stage (MIS) 5e age for the bioherms. This age is compatible with published MIS 5e ages for corals in the marine sediments above the bioherms and is consistent with their current elevation based on average uplift rates. Bioherm growth during MIS 5e constrains their formation during a time of near sea-level highstand when the Gulf of Corinth was marine. Growth cavities in the bioherms are encrusted by brackish tolerant coralline algae. Field mapping of the MIS 5e highstand palaeoshoreline shows the bioherms grew in water <16 m deep. Mg contents of the bioherm calcites, and associated coralline algal skeletons, are both much lower than expected for marine MIS 5e carbonates. They are best explained if the calcites precipitated from brackish fluids with Mg/Ca ratios below 2, implying at least 60% input of freshwater with low Mg/Ca ratio. Sr isotopes confirm a strong input of groundwater that had partially equilibrated with Mesozoic limestones. The limited areal extent of the bioherms and their close association with karstified fault scarps suggest that they formed in shallow sea water where freshwater submarine springs delivered CaCO3 saturated water that promoted rapid calcification of cyanobacteria. Rapid calcification and strong degassing of CO2 from the spring water resulted in disequilibrium stable isotope compositions for the calcites. 相似文献
55.
In contrast to the purely crystalline model of the coral fibre, a transversal zonation is made visible within fibres by specific
preparations (enzymatic or light acidic etchings). This growth zonation that corresponds to the successive positions of the
secretory ectoderm during septal development shows that crystallization of coral fibre is controlled not only by an external
organic coating of fibres, but also includes intra-fibrous organic components. This results in a micron-scaled internal structure
of fibres, with a noticeable diversity depending on species. In parallel, soluble matrices also exhibit significant differences,
although the global high content in acidic amino acids is always observed. Gathering these two sets of data allows the current
ideas concerning structures and growth modalities of coral septa to be discussed. Basically, the respective role of centres
of calcification and fibres during septal development appears clearly different from the current ideas, resulting in significant
change in interpretation of coral structures, with concerns in both skeleton formation and understanding of diagenetic processes.
Received: 2 November 1998 / Accepted: 10 May 1999 相似文献
56.
Christopher T. Perry 《Sedimentology》1999,46(1):33-45
Micrite envelopes are a common feature in carbonate sediments and are typically associated with the micrite filling of borings produced by microendolithic organisms. These are referred to as 'destructive micrite envelopes' and have long been recognized as reflecting an important early diagenetic process. Recent analysis of sediments collected from back-reef environments at Discovery Bay, north Jamaica, however, has demonstrated 'envelope' formation on the surfaces of carbonate grains, clearly distinct from the micrite filling of microborings. Such constructive envelopes occur almost exclusively in sediments from grass-bed environments and are always intimately associated with 'biofilms' comprising abundant mucilage, cyanobacteria, bacteria and diatoms. It is suggested that these envelopes represent a product of both biologically mediated micrite precipitation (occurring within the biofilm mucilage and around the biofilm components, i.e. cyanobacteria and diatoms) and associated trapping of carbonate mud and fine-grained sediment. Their recognition only within grass-bed sediments may enable their use as a diagnostic feature of grass-bed environments or vegetation-stabilized substrates in the rock record. 相似文献
57.
珊瑚虫-虫黄藻共生系统碳循环研究的若干进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
综述并分析了珊瑚虫-虫黄藻共生系统碳循环研究的进展,主要包括珊瑚共生系碳的来源、碳利用机制及其碳循环的影响因素等.其中,珊瑚共生系碳循环的主要影响因素包括物理因素(光照和温度)、化学因素(CO2分压、营养盐、污染物)和生物因素(珊瑚共生系的营养方式),这些因素通过影响珊瑚共生系的生理活动(呼吸作用、光合作用和钙化作用)来影响其碳循环.最后提出碳循环的一些研究重点:1)珊瑚虫-虫黄藻共生系统碳循环对全球气候变化的响应;2)珊瑚虫-虫黄藻共生系统碳循环影响因素的耦合研究,从细胞和分子水平开展碳循环的影响机理研究;3)采用微传感器技术和叶绿素荧光技术,并加强它们在珊瑚虫-虫黄藻共生系统碳循环中的应用;4)珊瑚共生系呼吸作用对有机碳循环影响的研究,特别是呼吸作用、光合作用及钙化作用三者之间的相互作用对珊瑚共生系内部碳循环的影响机制. 相似文献
58.
在全球气候变化的背景下,极端天气频发,海洋生物也将受到环境异质性的影响,即环境条件基于平均水平的震荡变化。为研究温度波动变化对海洋碳循环中的重要种群颗石藻的影响,采用半连续培养的方式对海洋颗石藻优势种赫氏颗石藻(Emiliania huxleyi)的非钙化株系与钙化株系分别进行模拟培养实验,探究颗石藻在低(20℃)和高(25℃)平均温度下对升温及温度波动变化的响应。结果表明,升温与温度波动对两株E.huxleyi的生长均起到了抑制作用,而升温和温度波动变化对两株E.huxleyi的生长速率以及胞内碳水化合物含量、非钙化株系的颗粒有机碳含量及钙化株系的蛋白质和颗粒物无机碳含量、碳氮比及沉降速率产生了显著的交互效应,温度的波动变化在一定程度上增强了颗石藻应对升温的适应性。通过对两株系的生理响应结果进行对比分析,发现非钙化株系各生理参数对升温和温度波动变化更为敏感,表明颗石藻的钙化作用可能对其应对环境波动下的极端环境条件起缓冲保护作用。升温和温度波动变化显著削弱了颗石藻的沉降速率,可能会对颗石藻相关的海洋碳沉降与输出产生显著的削弱效应。因此,为了更准确地预测海洋颗石藻对气候变化的响应,未来相关研究需要考虑叠加在升温基础上的温度波动变化对颗石藻的生理生态学效应。 相似文献